| In the nucleus of nearly all human cells | | | | |
| there are 46 small structures that are called | | | | Genetic genealogy gives genealogists a model |
| chromosomes. These chromosomes are made up | | | | to check the historical record with data from |
| generally of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). | | | | genetic information. A positive test match |
| | | | with another individual may discover living |
| DNA contains the genetic instructions which | | | | relatives, validate existing research, give |
| make people the way they are. These genetic | | | | locations for further genealogical research, |
| instructions are written in a four letter | | | | confirm or deny suspected connections between |
| chemical alphabet: A (adenine), T (thymine), | | | | families, help define ancestral homeland, |
| C (cytosine) and G (guanine). Researchers can | | | | prove or disprove theories regarding |
| just find a use for about 3% of the DNA in | | | | ancestry. |
| our cells. | | | | |
| | | | The important reasons of that people do not |
| Paternal and maternal lineages. The two | | | | want to be DNA tested is the price of these |
| well-known types of genetic genealogy tests | | | | tests and problems with private issues. |
| are the Y-DNA - paternal line - and mtDNA - | | | | Nevertheless, the price becomes more than |
| maternal line - genealogical DNA tests. | | | | just affordable. In addition, confidentiality |
| These tests compare the DNA of a person to | | | | of one's genetic markers can be restricted to |
| that of another to define how many | | | | families or groups. Such data results, where |
| generations ago the two individuals shared | | | | there are the data of people's analyses, are |
| their most recent common ancestor. These | | | | often anonymous and are identified by a |
| tests permit two people to define with all | | | | quantity which may be known to the person |
| the certainty that they are related within a | | | | itself. |
| certain time frame or the vice versa. | | | | |
| | | | More than that, Y-DNA and mtDNA testing just |
| Biogeographical and ethnic origins. | | | | trace one lineage, (in other words, one's |
| Additional DNA tests exist for defining | | | | father's father's father's etc. lineage or |
| biogeographical and ethnic origin. | | | | one's mother's mother's mother's etc. |
| | | | lineage). Several generations back, a person |
| Human migration. Genealogical DNA testing | | | | has 1024 ancestors and a Y-DNA or mtDNA test. |
| methods are used for a longer time to trace | | | | It studies 10 of those 1024 ancestors. |
| human migratory models and define, for | | | | |
| instance, when and how the first human beings | | | | To my mind almost all human societies fit the |
| came to the North America. One significant | | | | cultural pattern that coincides with the |
| attempt that is presently happening is the | | | | genetic data. The article reflects the |
| genographic project. It aims at mapping | | | | holistic, integrating approach of |
| historical human migration models by | | | | anthropology nature and respects a long |
| analyzing DNA patterns from more than 100,000 | | | | tradition in anthropology and population |
| people all over five continents. | | | | studies. |