Glossary of Mortgage Terms

Additional Security FeeEquity Release
An Additional Security Fee (Mortgage IndemnityEquity release is a means of releasing money from
Guarantee policy) is the fee taken to get an insurancethe value of your home either in a lump sum or in
policy that will cover your lender so that if you defaultmonthly installments. This money may be used for
on payments, he will not suffer any loss. You have tohome improvements, debt consolidation, or other large
pay the Additional Security Fee and the premium alongexpenses.
with your mortgage advance. Although you are payingExchange of Contracts
the premium, remember that this policy is for theExchange of contracts occurs when the buyer and
protection of your lender and not for you.the seller of a property sign and swap the contracts
Administration Feewhich detail the property, the price, the date, and the
The administration fee is the amount charged by yourterms of the arrangement. When the contracts are
lender to start working on the documentation part ofsigned, they become legally binding, and legal action
your mortgage application. It includes the homecan be taken against anyone who breaks the
valuation fee as well. The administration fee will not becontract.
refunded even if your valuation is not done or if yourExisting Liabilities
application has been rejected.Existing liabilities are all financial commitments outside
Adverse Creditof your mortgage. Existing liabilities may include bank
Adverse credit occurs when you have a history ofloans, credit card debt, maintenance payments, etc.
bad credit, bankruptcy, CCJ, or loan arrears. AdverseFirst Time Buyers (FTB or FTP)
credit can also be called as bad credit, poor credit, or itA first time buyer is one who has never owned
can be said that you have a low credit score.property before.
Agricultural RestrictionFixed Rate
An agricultural restriction is a rule which will restrict youA fixed rate is when you pay a fixed amount of
from holding a property if your occupation is in anyinterest on a loan for a fixed period of time. Lenders
way related to agriculture.provide fixed rate loans for short periods of time
Annual Percentage Rate(three-six months) all the way up to 25 years. Early
The Annual Percentage Rate is the rate at which youredemption penalties apply if you pay off the
borrow money from lender. It includes all the initial feesmortgage before the end of the fixed rate term.
and ongoing costs that you will pay throughout theFlexible Scheme
mortgage term. As the name suggests, annualA flexible scheme is a new way of calculating
percentage rate, or APR, is the cost of a mortgagemortgage interest charges. Lenders calculate interest
quoted in a yearly rate. The annual percentage rate ison a daily basis instead of on an annual basis. The
a good way to compare the offers from differentnew interest rates will only affect the remaining
lenders based on the annual cost of each loan.balance of the mortgage. By making regular
Apportionmentoverpayments, you can repay the loan faster thereby
Apportionment, or sharing out, is a facility that allowssaving a lot on interest charges.
you to divide the responsibility for utilities, propertyFixture
taxes, etc. with the buyer or the seller of the propertyA fixture is an item attached to your property, and
when you are either selling or buying the property.therefore it is legally part of the property.
ArrearsFreehold
Arrears happen when you default on your mortgageFreehold means that you have ownership of a
payment or any other type of debt payment. If youproperty for an indefinite period of time. This is in
have arrears on the record of your current mortgage,contrast to leasehold which means that the property is
you will face problems when you want to look atonly under your control for a limited period of time.
remortgaging or getting a new mortgage.Further Advance
Arrangement FeeA further advance is an add-on loan to your existing
An arrangement fee is the amount you have to paymortgage from your existing lender. The money from
your lender to access particular mortgage deals. Whilea further advance may be used for home
searching for a fixed rate, cash back, or discountedimprovements, to purchase a freehold property, or for
rate mortgage, you will pay this fee at the time thatpersonal purposes such as debt consolidation.
you submit your application, it must be added to theGuarantor
loan upon completion of the term, or it will be deductedA guarantor is a person who guarantees the lender
from the loan on completion.that the borrower is eligible for a loan or mortgage. If
Assignmentthe borrower fails to make payments, the guarantor
An assignment is the document transferring the leasewill make them.
of the property or rights of ownership from a seller toGazumping
a buyer. It may be an endowment policy to the buildingGazumping occurs when a seller agrees to sell a
society in connection with a mortgage.property to one person, and they proceed to decline
ASUthat offer in favor of a higher one.
ASU is Accident, Sickness, and UnemploymentGround Rent
insurance which covers your mortgage payments inGround rent is the amount which a leaseholder needs
case of an accident, a sickness, or involuntaryto pay to the freeholder each year.
unemployment.Home Buyer Report
AuctionA home buyer report is made by a lender after a
An auction is the public sale of a property to themortgage valuation has been done and before the full
person who quotes highest bid. The highest bidder hassurvey takes place in order to give the borrower a
to sign a binding contract that ensures that he do allcomplete understanding of the property they are
valuations, searches, etc. before the sale of thethinking of buying.
property.Income Multipliers
Authority to Inspect the RegisterAn income multiplier is a type of calculation that a
An authority to inspect the register document is alender will use to calculate the amount a borrower can
document fro the legal or registered owner of areceive. The most common income multiplier is three
property allowing the solicitor of the purchaser to gettimes a single income or two and a half times joint
information concerning the property.income. The lender will choose the one that yields the
Banker Drafthigher figure. Lenders are more flexible if your LTV
A banker draft is a way to make a payment. Inratio is low.
appearance, it is the same as a cheque, but in effect itIncome Protection Insurance
is a cash payment. The money is given to the bank,With income protection insurance, your monthly
and they issue a cheque that is certified to be goodpayments will be covered in the case of illness,
for the given amount.accident, or unemployment.
Base Rate TrackerIntermediary
Base rate tracker is a type of mortgage in which theAn intermediary is a mediator who finds the best
interest rate is variable, but it is set at a premiummortgage for you, and they also arrange the
(above) the Bank of England Base Rate for a periodmortgage for you on your behalf.
or for the full term of the mortgage. The best partLand Registry Fee
about this type of mortgage is that it has little or noA land registry fee is paid when you want to register
redemption penalty. This means that by makingyour ownership of a property or when you want to
overpayments, you will be able to save money onchange the registered title of a property.
interest by paying off your mortgage earlier than theLeasehold
agreed upon date on the initial mortgage contract.Unlike freehold in which a property is owned, leasehold
Booking Feeis when a property is owned, but the land that it is built
A booking fee or arrangement fee is charged whenon is not owned by the leaseholder. Their control of
applying for a fixed or a capped rate loan. Bookingthe property is only for a set number of years.
fees are normally non-refundable if charged upfront,Licensed Conveyancer
but sometimes the booking fee is added to your finalA licensed conveyancer is like a solicitor in that they
mortgage payment.specialize in the legalities of buying and selling property.
Bridging LoanLocal Authority Search
A bridging loan is useful when you want to purchase aA local authority search is made by the solicitor of the
property, but your ability to do so is contingent uponpeople that plan to buy your property. They check to
the sale of your old property. This is a very short termmake sure there are no planned developments on the
loan that is paid off as soon as your old property sells.property such as roads or buildings. They will check for
Speak with a loan adviser before taking out a bridgingany planning permissions or enforcement notices
loan to be sure it is the best option for you.posted on your property.
Broker FeeLTV
A broker fee is paid to your debt advisor or otherLTV, or loan to value, is the percentage derived from
intermediary that assists you in finding the bestdividing the value of your property by the amount of
mortgage or loan deal for your circumstances.your mortgage. A low LTV is much less risky for
BSAThe BSA, or the Building Societies Association, islenders than a 100% LTV.
a group that works in the interest of member societies.Loan Consolidation
Building Societies CommissionLoan consolidation happens when a loan is taken out
The Building Societies Commission is a regulatoryto repay another loan with a higher interest rate or to
organization for Building Societies. This commissionrepay a number of high interest debts. Loan
reports to the Treasury Ministers.consolidation is often achieved through remortgaging.
Building SocietyMIG
A Building Society is a mutual organization that givesA MIG, or mortgage indemnity guarantee, is insurance
you money to buy or remortgage residential properties.one takes out to cover their lender in the case that
This money comes from individual investors who aretheir property is repossessed, and the lender is unable
paid interest on their funds. A portion of building societyto get their money back. A MIG is paid for upon
funds is also raised through commercial moneycompletion of a mortgage.
markets.MIRAS
Buy-to-LetMIRAS, or mortgage interest relief at source, was a
When you purchase a property for the sole purposetax relief given to those with mortgages, but this relief
of renting it out, you can apply for a buy-to-letwas abolished by the government in April of 2000.
mortgage. The payments for this type of mortgageMortgage
are calculated based on your projected rental incomeA mortgage is a loan that allows someone to buy a
instead of your personal income.property. The property itself is the security for the loan.
Capital and InterestMortgagee
Your monthly mortgage payments consist of twoThe mortgagee is the company or organization that
parts: the interest and the capital. The interest paymentfinances your mortgage.
is a payment on the interest balance of your loan. TheMortgagor
capital payment is a payment on the amount that youThe mortgagor is the person taking out the mortgage
borrowed.to buy a property.
Capital RaisingMPPI
Capital raising generally means remortgaging for aMPPI, or mortgage payment protection insurance, is
higher amount than you need to pay off your existinginsurance one takes out in the case of an accident, an
mortgage in order to use the excess money for otherillness, or involuntary unemployment that would render
personal financial uses.them incapable of making their monthly mortgage
Capped Ratepayment.
A capped interest rate is an interest rate that will notMRP
exceed the standard variable interest rate for a setMRP, or mortgage repayment protection, is insurance
period of time (from 1-5 years) that is decided by youtaken out through your lender during the term of your
and your lender. If the standard variable rate fallsloan.
below your capped rate, your interest rate willNegative Equity
decrease accordingly.Negative equity occurs when the money you owe to
Cash Backyour mortgage lender is greater than the value of your
Cash back is the amount you receive when you takeproperty. People find themselves in negative equity
out a mortgage, the amount may be fixed or asituations when they take out 100% LTV mortgages.
percentage of your mortgage amount.Overpayment
CCJOverpayment happens when you pay more than the
CCJ stands for County Court Judgment. This is aregular monthly payment on your mortgage so that the
decision reached by a county court against you whenmortgage is repaid before the end of the mortgage
you have defaulted on your debt payments. If youterm. With overpayments, you can save money on
clear the debt in question in a set amount of time, ainterest, but you may also be charged an early
satisfactory note will be put on your credit report toredemption penalty.Payment HolidayA payment holiday
signify that the debt is taken care of.is a period during which you make no mortgagee
Centralized Lenderpayments. This is normally available with flexible
A centralized lender is a mortgage lender that doesmortgages only.
not rely on a branch network for distribution.PEP
Centralized lending is now provided by several buildingA PEP, or personal equity plan, allows you to own
societies. These societies operate separately fromshares or unit trusts without paying any taxes.
their branch networks, and they rely exclusively onPersonal Pension
mortgages from intermediary sources.A personal pension provides for your financial needs
Chargeafter retirement. You make structured payments into
A charge is any interest on a mortgage to which ayour pension savings during your working years. Often,
freehold or leasehold property can be held.some of this money may be taken out to pay off your
Charge Certificatemortgage liabilities.
A charge certificate is a certificate issued by HM LandPortability
Registry to you with your name as the registered titlePortability is a term used to describe a mortgage that
for a given property. This certificate contains details ofcan be transferred between properties when you
restrictions, mortgages, and other interests. It has threemove from one house to another.
different parts: a charges register, a property register,Redemption
and a proprietorship register. If there is no mortgage onRedemption is when you pay off your mortgage,
the property, it is called a Land Certificate, and it iswhen you remortgage, or when you move to a new
issued to the registered proprietor.house.
ChattelsRemittance Fee
Chattels are moveable items in your house such asA remittance fee is charged by a lender for sending
furniture or your personal possessions.Chief RentChiefthe amount of a mortgage to your solicitor.
rent is paid by the owner of a freehold property. ThisRemortgage
is the same as the ground rent that is paid by aA remortgage is a loan taken out from a new lender
leaseholder.or a loan renegotiated with your existing lender to pay
CMLoff your existing mortgage. This is done to decrease
Council of Mortgage Lendersthe interest rate you are paying or to raise extra
Completioncapital.
Completion is a term that explains that you haveRepayment Mortgages
become the owner of your house after finishing theA repayment mortgage is when part of your monthly
formalities of the sale and the purchase of thepayment goes toward the interest and another part of
property.the payment goes toward the principal. This is also
Conditional Insuranceknown as a capital and interest mortgage. If payments
When you take out a fixed or discounted rateare made regularly, the entire sum of the loan will be
mortgage, your lender may try to persuade you torepaid by the end of the term.
take out an insurance policy that will cover any missedRetention
payments due to an illness, an accident, orRetention is the amount that your lender keeps
unemployment.pending until certain conditions of your mortgage are
Contractmet.
A contract is a legally binding sale agreement. ThereRepossession
are two identical copies signed by both the buyer andRepossession is a legal process by which your
the seller, and each party keeps a copy for theirmortgaged property comes under the control of your
records. Once both parties have signed the contract,lender due to incomplete repayment. Your property
they are committed to the terms of the agreement.may then be sold at public auction.
ConveyanceRight to Buy
A conveyance is the deed by which a freehold,Right to buy means that you are legally able to
unregistered title is transferred. The deed is called anpurchase the property at a discounted rate if you
assignment if your property is unregistered orhave been a tenant for a long enough period of time.
leasehold. If the property is registered, the deed isSealing Fee
called a transfer.A sealing fee is an amount charged by your lender
Conveyancingwhen you repay your mortgage.
Conveyancing is the legal process by which the buyingSelf Certification of Income
and the selling of a property take place.Self certification of income means that you confirm
Covenanthow much you earn, and the lender does not need
A covenant is an assurance given in a deed.Creditproof of your income from a third party. Self
ScoringCredit scoring is the procedure by which aCertification is useful for self employed people or
lender evaluates your paying capacity before offeringcontract workers.
a loan or mortgage.Shared Ownership
Credit SearchShared ownership is a scheme devised by housing
A credit search is done by a lender and a creditassociations that requires you to pay mortgage
bureau to search your records for CCJs and otherpayments on the part of a property that you own
indicators of bad credit.while you also make monthly rent payments on the
Debt Consolidationportion of the property owned by the building
Debt consolidation is the process by which you takeassociation.
out a loan or mortgage in order to pay off a numberSolicitors
of high interest debts. By doing this, you will only needSolicitors are the people who give legal advice and
to make one payment each month, and you will savecarry out all the legal work for mortgage and
significantly on interest charges.remortgage transactions.Stamp Duty Stamp duty is a
Deedtax paid to the government on the purchase of a
A deed is a legal document that denotes the owner ofproperty.
a given property. You can transfer a title to bothSVR
freehold and leasehold with a deed.The SVR, or standard variable rate, is the base rate of
Depositthe lender. It is subject to change at any time
A deposit is the amount of money you put downdepending on the lender. The SVR will fluctuate based
toward buying a property.on the Bank of England Base Rate.
DisbursementsStructural Survey
Disbursements are any amount you pay to solicitorsA structural survey is the thorough inspection of a
against land registry fees, searches, faxes etc.property carried out by a professional surveyor.
Discounted RateTenure
Discounted rates are used to attract new borrowersTenure means the type of rights a person has over a
to lenders by setting the interest rate below theproperty or the land it stands on. Tenure could be
standard variable rate for a guaranteed period of time.freehold or leasehold, for example.
If you repay the entire discounted rate mortgage withinTerm
the first few years, your lender may charge you earlyThe term of a mortgage is the number of years over
redemption penalties.which you plan to pay your mortgage off.
Early Redemption PenaltyTie-in Period
An early redemption penalty is charged by your lenderA tie-in period is an amount of time for which you are
if you do a part or full payment of your mortgagebound to a lender. Tie-in periods often exist with
amount before the completion of your mortgage term.special mortgage deals like fixed, capped, or
These penalties will also be charged if you decide todiscounted rates. If you move your mortgage to a
remortgage and move your mortgage to a newdifferent lender during this period, you are subject to an
lender. Early redemption penalties mainly apply to fixedearly redemption fee.
rate, discounted rate, and cash back mortgages.Title Deeds
EasementA title deed is a legal document that validates the
Easement is the right held by one property owner toownership of your property. A title deed proves your
make use of the land of another for a limited purpose,true and legal right to your property.
like a right of passage.Transfer Deed
Endowment MortgageA transfer deed is a legal deed used for transferring
An endowment mortgage is an interest only mortgagethe ownership of your property to a buyer.
supported by an endowment policy. During the term ofUnencumbered
the mortgage you will pay only interest to the lender,The term unencumbered means that you own your
and your premiums are alternately paid into anproperty outright with no mortgages or loans against it.
endowment policy which will mature over the term ofValuation
your mortgage. The endowment policy is designed toA property valuation is a survey conducted on a
pay off your mortgage as well as act as life insurance.property by a qualified surveyor in order to assess the
However, you cannot depend on this amount to bevalue of the property. This valuation is done on behalf
sufficient to pay all of your debt.of your lender so that they are able to confirm the
Endowmentvalue of your property.
There are different types of endowments, but here anVariable Rate
endowment is a life insurance policy that will pay offA variable rate means that your interest rate may
your interest only mortgage.change from month to month thereby causing your
Equitypayments to fluctuate monthly.
Equity is the amount of value in your home. It is theVendor
value of your home less the amount left to be repaidA vendor is the person from whom you purchase a
on your mortgage.property.